End of an era': Apple co-founder Steve Jobs remembered
'To some people, this is like Elvis Presley or John Lennon. It's a change in our times'
Remembering a visionary video
CUPERTINO, Calif. — Steve Jobs saw the future and led the world to it. He moved technology from garages to pockets, took entertainment from discs to bytes and turned gadgets into extensions of the people who use them.
Jobs, who founded and ran Apple, told us what we needed before we wanted it.
"To some people, this is like Elvis Presley or John Lennon. It's a change in our times. It's the end of an era," said Scott Robbins, 34, a barber and an Apple fan. "It's like the end of the innovators."
Apple announced his death without giving a specific cause. He died peacefully on Wednesday, according to a statement from family members who were present. He was 56.
Story: The Jobs legacy: Ease, elegance in technology
"Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives," Apple's board said in a statement. "The world is immeasurably better because of Steve."
President Barack Obama — who described the musical contents of his iPod to Rolling Stone in 2008 and famously gave one of the gadgets to Queen Elizabeth II as a gift the following year — said in a statement that Jobs "exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity."
"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world and talented enough to do it," he said.
Share your thoughts on Jobs' legacy
Jobs had battled cancer in 2004 and underwent a liver transplant in 2009 after taking a leave of absence for unspecified health problems. He took another leave of absence in January — his third since his health problems began — and resigned in August. Jobs became Apple's chairman and handed the CEO job over to his hand-picked successor, Tim Cook.
Inspiring mentor
Outside Apple's Cupertino headquarters, three flags — an American flag, a California state flag and an Apple flag — were flying at half-staff late Wednesday.
"Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor." Cook wrote in an email to Apple's employees. "Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple."
The news Apple fans and shareholders had been dreading came the day after Apple unveiled its latest iPhone, a device that got a lukewarm reception. Perhaps, there would have been more excitement had Jobs been well enough to show it off with his trademark theatrics.
Jobs started Apple with a high school friend in a Silicon Valley garage in 1976, was forced out a decade later and returned in 1997 to rescue the company. During his second stint, it grew into the most valuable technology company in the world with a market value of $351 billion. Almost all that wealth has been created since Jobs' return.
Cultivating Apple's countercultural sensibility and a minimalist design ethic, Jobs rolled out one sensational product after another, even in the face of the late-2000s recession and his own failing health.
He helped change computers from a geeky hobbyist's obsession to a necessity of modern life at work and home, and in the process he upended not just personal technology but the cellphone and music industries.
For transformation of American industry, he has few rivals. He has long been linked to his personal computer-age contemporary, Bill Gates, and has drawn comparisons to other creative geniuses such as Walt Disney.
Jobs died as Walt Disney Co.'s largest shareholder, a by-product of his decision to sell computer animation studio Pixar in 2006.
Gates: "Profound impact'
Gates responded to the news by sending his and wife Melinda's condolences to Jobs' family and friends via Twitter.
"The world rarely sees someone who made such a profound impact," Gates said.
In a statement, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said Jobs was "one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary." (Msnbc.com is a joint-venture of Microsoft and NBC Universal.)
Perhaps most influentially, Jobs in 2001 launched the iPod, which offered "1,000 songs in your pocket." Over the next 10 years, its white earphones and thumb-dial control seemed to become more ubiquitous than the wristwatch.
In 2007 came the touch-screen iPhone, joined a year later by Apple's App Store, where developers could sell iPhone "apps" which made the phone a device not just for making calls but also for managing money, editing photos, playing games and social networking. And in 2010, Jobs introduced the iPad, a tablet-sized, all-touch computer that took off even though market analysts said no one really needed one.
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Cult-like following
Under Jobs, the company cloaked itself in secrecy to build frenzied anticipation for each of its new products. Jobs himself had a wizardly sense of what his customers wanted, and where demand didn't exist, he leveraged a cult-like following to create it.
When he spoke at Apple presentations, almost always in faded blue jeans, sneakers and a black mock turtleneck, legions of Apple acolytes listened to every word. He often boasted about Apple successes, then coyly added a coda — "one more thing" — before introducing its latest ambitious idea.
In later years, Apple investors also watched these appearances for clues about his health. Jobs revealed in 2004 that he had been diagnosed with a very rare form of pancreatic cancer — an islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. He underwent surgery and said he had been cured. In 2009, following weight loss he initially attributed to a hormonal imbalance, he abruptly took a six-month leave. During that time, he received a liver transplant that became public two months after it was performed.
He went on another medical leave in January 2011, this time for an unspecified duration. He never went back and resigned as CEO in August, though he stayed on as chairman. Consistent with his penchant for secrecy, he didn't reference his illness in his resignation letter.
Steven Paul Jobs was born Feb. 24, 1955, in San Francisco to Joanne Simpson, then an unmarried graduate student, and Abdulfattah Jandali, a student from Syria. Simpson gave Jobs up for adoption, though she married Jandali and a few years later had a second child with him, Mona Simpson, who became a novelist.
Steven was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs of Los Altos, California, a working-class couple who nurtured his early interest in electronics. He saw his first computer terminal at NASA's Ames Research Center when he was around 11 and landed a summer job at Hewlett-Packard before he had finished high school.
Working-class parents
Jobs enrolled in Reed College in Portland, Ore., in 1972 but dropped out after six months.
"All of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it," he said at a Stanford University commencement address in 2005. "I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out."
When he returned to California in 1974, Jobs worked for video game maker Atari and attended meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club — a group of computer hobbyists — with Steve Wozniak, a high school friend who was a few years older.
Wozniak's homemade computer drew attention from other enthusiasts, but Jobs saw its potential far beyond the geeky hobbyists of the time. The pair started Apple Computer Inc. in Jobs' parents' garage in 1976. According to Wozniak, Jobs suggested the name after visiting an "apple orchard" that Wozniak said was actually a commune.
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AdChoicesTheir first creation was the Apple I — essentially, the guts of a computer without a case, keyboard or monitor.
The Apple II, which hit the market in 1977, was their first machine for the masses. It became so popular that Jobs was worth $100 million by age 25.
During a 1979 visit to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Jobs again spotted mass potential in a niche invention: a computer that allowed people to control computers with the click of a mouse, not typed commands. He returned to Apple and ordered his engineering team to copy what he had seen.
It foreshadowed a propensity to take other people's concepts, improve on them and spin them into wildly successful products. Under Jobs, Apple didn't invent computers, digital music players or smartphones — it reinvented them for people who didn't want to learn computer programming or negotiate the technical hassles of keeping their gadgets working.
"We have always been shameless about stealing great ideas," Jobs said in an interview for the 1996 PBS series "Triumph of the Nerds."
Apple name origin
The engineers responded with two computers. The pricier Lisa — the same name as his daughter — launched to a cool reception in 1983. The less-expensive Macintosh, named for an employee's favorite apple, exploded onto the scene in 1984.
The Mac was heralded by an epic Super Bowl commercial that referenced George Orwell's "1984" and captured Apple's iconoclastic style. In the ad, expressionless drones marched through dark halls to an auditorium where a Big Brother-like figure lectures on a big screen. A woman in a bright track uniform burst into the hall and launched a hammer into the screen, which exploded, stunning the drones, as a narrator announced the arrival of the Mac.
There were early stumbles at Apple. Jobs clashed with colleagues and even the CEO he had hired away from Pepsi, John Sculley. And after an initial spike, Mac sales slowed, in part because few programs had been written for it.
With Apple's stock price sinking, conflicts between Jobs and Sculley mounted. Sculley won over the board in 1985 and pushed Jobs out of his day-to-day role leading the Macintosh team. Jobs resigned his post as chairman of the board and left Apple within months.
"What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating," Jobs said in his Stanford speech. "I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life."
He got into two other companies: Next, a computer maker, and Pixar, a computer-animation studio that he bought from George Lucas for $10 million.
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AdChoicesPixar, ultimately the more successful venture, seemed at first a bottomless money pit. Then in 1995 came "Toy Story," the first computer-animated full-length feature. Jobs used its success to negotiate a sweeter deal with Disney for Pixar's next two films, "A Bug's Life" and "Toy Story 2." Jobs sold Pixar to The Walt Disney Co. for $7.4 billion in stock in a deal that got him a seat on Disney's board and 138 million shares of stock that accounted for most of his fortune. Forbes magazine estimated Jobs was worth $7 billion in a survey last month.
Obsession with detail
With Next, Jobs came up with a cube-shaped computer. He was said to be obsessive about the tiniest details, insisting on design perfection even for the machine's guts. The machine cost a pricey $6,500 to $10,000, and he never managed to spark much demand for it.
Ultimately, he shifted the focus to software — a move that paid off later when Apple bought Next for its operating system technology, the basis for the software still used in Mac computers.
By 1996, when Apple bought Next, Apple was in dire financial straits. It had lost more than $800 million in a year, dragged its heels in licensing Mac software for other computers and surrendered most of its market share to PCs that ran Windows.
Larry Ellison, Jobs' close friend and fellow Silicon Valley billionaire and the CEO of Oracle Corp., publicly contemplated buying Apple in early 1997 and ousting its leadership. The idea fizzled, but Jobs stepped in as interim chief later that year.
He slashed unprofitable projects, narrowed the company's focus and presided over a new marketing push to set the Mac apart from Windows, starting with a campaign encouraging computer users to "Think different."
Apple's first new product under his direction, the brightly colored, plastic iMac, launched in 1998 and sold about 2 million in its first year. Apple returned to profitability that year. Jobs dropped the "interim" from his title in 2000.
He changed his style, too, said Tim Bajarin, who met Jobs several times while covering the company for Creative Strategies.
"In the early days, he was in charge of every detail. The only way you could say it is, he was kind of a control freak," he said. In his second stint, "he clearly was much more mellow and more mature."
In the decade that followed, Jobs kept Apple profitable while pushing out an impressive roster of new products.
Popularity explodes
Apple's popularity exploded in the 2000s. The iPod, smaller and sleeker with each generation, introduced many lifelong Windows users to their first Apple gadget.
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AdChoicesThe arrival of the iTunes music store in 2003 gave people a convenient way to buy music legally online, song by song. For the music industry, it was a mixed blessing. The industry got a way to reach Internet-savvy people who, in the age of Napster, were growing accustomed to downloading music free. But online sales also hastened the demise of CDs and established Apple as a gatekeeper, resulting in battles between Jobs and music executives over pricing and other issues.
Jobs' command over gadget lovers and pop culture swelled to the point that, on the eve of the iPhone's launch in 2007, faithful followers slept on sidewalks outside posh Apple stores for the chance to buy one. Three years later, at the iPad's debut, the lines snaked around blocks and out through parking lots, even though people had the option to order one in advance.
The decade was not without its glitches. In the mid-2000s, Apple was swept up in a Securities and Exchange Commission inquiry into stock options backdating, a practice that artificially raised the value of options grants. But Jobs and Apple emerged unscathed after two former executives took the fall and eventually settled with the SEC.
Jobs' personal ethos — a natural food lover who embraced Buddhism and New Age philosophy — was closely linked to the public persona he shaped for Apple. Apple itself became a statement against the commoditization of technology — a cynical view, to be sure, from a company whose computers can cost three or more times as much as those of its rivals.
For technology lovers, buying Apple products has meant gaining entrance to an exclusive club. At the top was a complicated and contradictory figure who was endlessly fascinating — even to his detractors, of which Jobs had many. Jobs was a hero to techno-geeks and a villain to partners he bullied and to workers whose projects he unceremoniously killed or claimed as his own.
'Maddeningly erratic'
Unauthorized biographer Alan Deutschman described him as "deeply moody and maddeningly erratic." In his personal life, Jobs denied for two years that he was the father of Lisa, the baby born to his longtime girlfriend Chrisann Brennan in 1978.
Few seemed immune to Jobs' charisma and will. He could adeptly convince those in his presence of just about anything — even if they disagreed again when he left the room and his magic wore off.
"He always has an aura around his persona," said Bajarin, who met Jobs several times while covering the company for more than 20 years as a Creative Strategies analyst. "When you talk to him, you know you're really talking to a brilliant mind."
But Bajarin also remembers Jobs lashing out with profanity at an employee who interrupted their meeting. Jobs, the perfectionist, demanded greatness from everyone at Apple.
Jobs valued his privacy, but some details of his romantic and family life have been uncovered. In the early 1980s, Jobs dated the folk singer Joan Baez, according to Deutschman.
In 1989, Jobs spoke at Stanford's graduate business school and met his wife, Laurene Powell, who was then a student. When she became pregnant, Jobs at first refused to marry her. It was a near-repeat of what had happened more than a decade earlier with then-girlfriend Brennan, Deutschman said, but eventually Jobs relented.
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AdChoicesJobs started looking for his biological family in his teens, according to an interview he gave to The New York Times in 1997. He found his biological sister when he was 27. They became friends, and through her Jobs met his biological mother. Few details of those relationships have been made public.
But the extent of Apple secrecy didn't become clear until Jobs revealed in 2004 that he had been diagnosed with — and "cured" of — a rare form of operable pancreatic cancer called an islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. The company had sat on the news of his diagnosis for nine months while Jobs tried trumping the disease with a special diet, Fortune magazine reported in 2008.
Story: Stars react to the news of Steve Jobs' death In the years after his cancer was revealed, rumors about Jobs' health would spark runs on Apple stock as investors worried the company, with no clear succession plan, would fall apart without him. Apple did little to ease those concerns. It kept the state of Jobs' health a secret for as long as it could, then disclosed vague details when, in early 2009, it became clear he was again ill.
Jobs took a half-year medical leave of absence starting in January 2009, during which he had a liver transplant. Apple did not disclose the procedure at the time; two months later, The Wall Street Journal reported the fact and a doctor at the transplant hospital confirmed it.
In January 2011, Jobs announced another medical leave, his third, with no set duration. He returned to the spotlight briefly in March to personally unveil a second-generation iPad and again in June, when he showed off Apple's iCloud music synching service. At both events, he looked frail in his signature jeans and mock turtleneck.
Less than three months later, Jobs resigned as CEO. In a letter addressed to Apple's board and the "Apple community" Jobs said he "always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come."
In 2005, following the bout with cancer, Jobs delivered Stanford University's commencement speech.
"Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life," he said. "Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure — these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important."
Jobs is survived by his biological mother; his sister Mona Simpson; Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his daughter with Brennan; wife Laurene, and their three children, Erin, Reed and Eve.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
Jobs was a guy who touched our lives in so many ways reaction to his death has been pouring in from all around the world. overnight a makeshift memorial is now in place outside of apple 's headquarters in cupertino, california following the sad death of that company's founder and visionary, steve jobs . if you look this morning at simply the apple .com on my ipad here you will see a simple tribute to jobs, a black and white photo with the dates that he was born and he died.
>> because it is hard to overstate the impact that he had on all of our lives. he never graduated from college and yet who doesn't have at least an ipod or ipad or iphone or personal computer ?
>> i think obviously this did not come as a shock to people because we had watched his health deteriorate over the years since he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer . he appeared very frail in recent months. but still, when it finally happens you stop and you really take notice.
>> no question. you know, he also in a commencement address to stanford university in 2005 , he had something pretty wonderful to say. he said, remembering that you're going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. and he added, your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else 's life.
>> as i mentioned, tributes immediately poured in as the news of his death spread. president obama released a statement saying in part, there may be no greater tribute to steve 's success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented.
>> bill gates , jobs' one-time rival and cofounder of microsoft, had this to say. the world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact steve has had the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. then there's this from facebook founder mark zuckerberg who said, thanks for showing that what you build can change the world .
>> let us get right to nbc's george lewis at apple 's headquarters in cupertino, california. good morning to you.
>> reporter: good morning, matt. this is a very sad day for apple 's 47,000 employees worldwide. they're mourning steve jobs , a man who dropped out of college and had no formal schooling in computer engineering but figured out a way to make tech sexy and transformed apple into the world's most valuable company. he was a college dropout who cofounded apple computer in 1976 and within a few years became fabulously wealthy.
>> he is kind of a regular guy who started in his garage with this idea with a friend and built this thing into this multibillion dollar business.
>> reporter: his secret? wow the consumers with cool designs and ease of use.
>> when it comes to consumer computer users the computer industry hasn't done a really good job of trying to understand them and understand their desires and their needs.
>> reporter: so in 1984 he introduced the mcintosh, calling it insanely great. there was a famous super bowl ad for the mac running only once on tv but seen millions of times on youtube. apple didn't always prevail. faced with tough competition the company struggled, trying to gain a share of the personal computer market. and steve jobs had an abrasive personality that contributed to his ouster from apple in 1985 .
>> the brilliant, genius, visionary side of him that burned very, very bright, and there was this terrible dark side of him, too.
>> he went into the movie business acquiring pixar studios in 1986 , making a string of hit computer animated films starting with " toy story ."
>> to infinity and beyond !
>> reporter: then, after an 11-year absence he was brought back to apple where his creativity revitalized the company. the ipod changed the way people listened to their music.
>> today apple is going to reinvent the phone.
>> reporter: and across the country there were long lines for the first iphones in 2007 . then three years later they lined up for the ipad, changing the way people consumed media.
>> most of the great ideas when you see them you go, of course!
>> reporter: but while he was brimming with great ideas, steve jobs was battling declining health. he was operated on for pancreatic cancer in 2004 . a year later he spoke about that in a commencement address at stanford university .
>> this was the closest i've been to facing death, and i hope it's the closest i get for a few more decades. yet, death is the destination we all share.
>> reporter: then in 2009 he underwent a liver transplant .
>> i now have the liver of a mid 20s person who died in a car crash and was generous enough to donate their organs.
>> reporter: on august 24th of this year jobs stepped down as apple 's ceo. six years earlier, he had this bit of advice for the stanford grads.
>> have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to become.
>> reporter: he was a man who followed his heart and intuition to become one of silicon valley 's great visionaries. steve jobs leaves behind a wife and four children. and a statement from the jobs family says steve died peacefully surrounded by people he loved. ann?
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Photos: Life Open in new window.
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A look back at the life of Steve Jobs .Apple remembers Jobs
A picture of Apple Inc. co-founder and former CEO Steve Jobs is featured on the front page of the Apple.com website after his passing on Oct. 5, 2011. Jobs, counted among the greatest American CEOs of his generation, died on Wednesday at the age of 56, after a years-long and highly public battle with cancer and other health issues. (Staff / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .A final appearance
Steve Jobs is shown in his last public appearance on June 7, 2011 as he made a presentation to the Cupertino City Council regarding plans for Apple's new headquarters in this video frame grab. (Ho / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iLife’s launch
Steve Jobs announces iLife 11 as he speaks during an Apple special event at the company's headquarters on Oct. 20, 2010 in Cupertino, Calif. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Apple Chief Executive Steve Jobs smiles after Apple's music-themed media event in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2010. The company announced that Jobs had resigned on Aug. 24. Tim Cook, the company's chief operating officer, who has been standing in for Jobs during his medical leave, was named the new CEO, and Jobs became chairman. (Robert Galbraith / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation
.Related video
Xeni Jardin talks with Rachel Maddow about the life and legacy of Steve Jobs. .. .iPhone’s ‘antennagate’
Steve Jobs talks about some of the perceived problems with the iPhone 4 at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, Calif., on July 16, 2010. (Paul Sakuma / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Medvedev meets Jobs
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev looks at an iPhone 4 with Steve Jobs, June 23, 2010, at Apple Inc. in Cupertino, Calif. Medvedev visited Silicon Valley as part of a U.S. tour that also took him to Washington for meetings with President Obama. (Dmitry Astakhov / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs holds up the new iPad as he speaks during an Apple special event at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on Jan. 27, 2010 in San Francisco. The iPad was a success from the moment it was introduced. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs is shown in this combination of file photographs dating (top row, left to right) 2000, 2003, 2005, (bottom row, left to right) 2006, 2008 and 2009. (Staff / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation
CEO Steve Jobs speaks at an Apple event in San Francisco on Sept. 9, 2008. (Jeff Chiu / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Ultra-thin computing
Steve Jobs holds up a new Macbook Air, an ultra-thin laptop, in San Francisco on Jan. 12, 2008. (John G. Mabanglo / EPA file) Share Back to slideshow navigation
.Related video
Time magazine remembers an American icon .. .Jobs inducted
Steve Jobs kisses Maria Shriver after being inducted into the California Hall of Fame in Sacramento on Dec. 5, 2007. (Kimberly White / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iPhone introduced
Steve Jobs introduces the iPhone at Macworld in San Francisco on Jan. 9, 2007. (David Paul Morris / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Opening doors
Apple Chief Executive Steve Jobs looks at the crowds at the grand opening of the new Apple Store on 5th Avenue in New York on May 19, 2006. (Seth Wenig / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .French connection
Steve Jobs poses with Apple Executive Vice-President Timothy Cook, left, and Senior Vice-President Jon Rubinstein after a news conference during the opening day of the Paris Apple Expo on Sept. 20, 2005. (Charles Platiau / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iPod for U2
Bono, of the band U2, and Steve Jobs hold up Apple iPods at an unveiling of a new branded iPod in San Jose, Calif. on, Oct. 26, 2004. Bono is holding up an iPod with a red dial and black casing. (Paul Sakuma / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs gestures during Apple's launch of their online "Music Store" and new iPod in San Francisco on April 28, 2003. Apple's new service pulled music from five major record labels offering more than 200,000 songs at 99 cents a download. (AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iBook launched
Steve Jobs carries an iBook laptop computer with built-in handle in New York on July 22, 1999. (Ted Thai / Getty Images Contributor) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs holding an iMac computer in 1998. The iMac, with its jelly colors and friendly rounded corners, was an alternative to the bland looking PCs of the time. (Moshe Brakha / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
'To some people, this is like Elvis Presley or John Lennon. It's a change in our times'
Remembering a visionary video
CUPERTINO, Calif. — Steve Jobs saw the future and led the world to it. He moved technology from garages to pockets, took entertainment from discs to bytes and turned gadgets into extensions of the people who use them.
Jobs, who founded and ran Apple, told us what we needed before we wanted it.
"To some people, this is like Elvis Presley or John Lennon. It's a change in our times. It's the end of an era," said Scott Robbins, 34, a barber and an Apple fan. "It's like the end of the innovators."
Apple announced his death without giving a specific cause. He died peacefully on Wednesday, according to a statement from family members who were present. He was 56.
Story: The Jobs legacy: Ease, elegance in technology
"Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives," Apple's board said in a statement. "The world is immeasurably better because of Steve."
President Barack Obama — who described the musical contents of his iPod to Rolling Stone in 2008 and famously gave one of the gadgets to Queen Elizabeth II as a gift the following year — said in a statement that Jobs "exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity."
"Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world and talented enough to do it," he said.
Share your thoughts on Jobs' legacy
Jobs had battled cancer in 2004 and underwent a liver transplant in 2009 after taking a leave of absence for unspecified health problems. He took another leave of absence in January — his third since his health problems began — and resigned in August. Jobs became Apple's chairman and handed the CEO job over to his hand-picked successor, Tim Cook.
Inspiring mentor
Outside Apple's Cupertino headquarters, three flags — an American flag, a California state flag and an Apple flag — were flying at half-staff late Wednesday.
"Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor." Cook wrote in an email to Apple's employees. "Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple."
The news Apple fans and shareholders had been dreading came the day after Apple unveiled its latest iPhone, a device that got a lukewarm reception. Perhaps, there would have been more excitement had Jobs been well enough to show it off with his trademark theatrics.
Jobs started Apple with a high school friend in a Silicon Valley garage in 1976, was forced out a decade later and returned in 1997 to rescue the company. During his second stint, it grew into the most valuable technology company in the world with a market value of $351 billion. Almost all that wealth has been created since Jobs' return.
Cultivating Apple's countercultural sensibility and a minimalist design ethic, Jobs rolled out one sensational product after another, even in the face of the late-2000s recession and his own failing health.
He helped change computers from a geeky hobbyist's obsession to a necessity of modern life at work and home, and in the process he upended not just personal technology but the cellphone and music industries.
For transformation of American industry, he has few rivals. He has long been linked to his personal computer-age contemporary, Bill Gates, and has drawn comparisons to other creative geniuses such as Walt Disney.
Jobs died as Walt Disney Co.'s largest shareholder, a by-product of his decision to sell computer animation studio Pixar in 2006.
Gates: "Profound impact'
Gates responded to the news by sending his and wife Melinda's condolences to Jobs' family and friends via Twitter.
"The world rarely sees someone who made such a profound impact," Gates said.
In a statement, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said Jobs was "one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary." (Msnbc.com is a joint-venture of Microsoft and NBC Universal.)
Perhaps most influentially, Jobs in 2001 launched the iPod, which offered "1,000 songs in your pocket." Over the next 10 years, its white earphones and thumb-dial control seemed to become more ubiquitous than the wristwatch.
In 2007 came the touch-screen iPhone, joined a year later by Apple's App Store, where developers could sell iPhone "apps" which made the phone a device not just for making calls but also for managing money, editing photos, playing games and social networking. And in 2010, Jobs introduced the iPad, a tablet-sized, all-touch computer that took off even though market analysts said no one really needed one.
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AdChoicesBy 2011, Apple had become the second-largest company of any kind in the United States by market value. In August, it briefly surpassed Exxon Mobil as the most valuable company.
Cult-like following
Under Jobs, the company cloaked itself in secrecy to build frenzied anticipation for each of its new products. Jobs himself had a wizardly sense of what his customers wanted, and where demand didn't exist, he leveraged a cult-like following to create it.
When he spoke at Apple presentations, almost always in faded blue jeans, sneakers and a black mock turtleneck, legions of Apple acolytes listened to every word. He often boasted about Apple successes, then coyly added a coda — "one more thing" — before introducing its latest ambitious idea.
In later years, Apple investors also watched these appearances for clues about his health. Jobs revealed in 2004 that he had been diagnosed with a very rare form of pancreatic cancer — an islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. He underwent surgery and said he had been cured. In 2009, following weight loss he initially attributed to a hormonal imbalance, he abruptly took a six-month leave. During that time, he received a liver transplant that became public two months after it was performed.
He went on another medical leave in January 2011, this time for an unspecified duration. He never went back and resigned as CEO in August, though he stayed on as chairman. Consistent with his penchant for secrecy, he didn't reference his illness in his resignation letter.
Steven Paul Jobs was born Feb. 24, 1955, in San Francisco to Joanne Simpson, then an unmarried graduate student, and Abdulfattah Jandali, a student from Syria. Simpson gave Jobs up for adoption, though she married Jandali and a few years later had a second child with him, Mona Simpson, who became a novelist.
Steven was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs of Los Altos, California, a working-class couple who nurtured his early interest in electronics. He saw his first computer terminal at NASA's Ames Research Center when he was around 11 and landed a summer job at Hewlett-Packard before he had finished high school.
Working-class parents
Jobs enrolled in Reed College in Portland, Ore., in 1972 but dropped out after six months.
"All of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it," he said at a Stanford University commencement address in 2005. "I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out."
When he returned to California in 1974, Jobs worked for video game maker Atari and attended meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club — a group of computer hobbyists — with Steve Wozniak, a high school friend who was a few years older.
Wozniak's homemade computer drew attention from other enthusiasts, but Jobs saw its potential far beyond the geeky hobbyists of the time. The pair started Apple Computer Inc. in Jobs' parents' garage in 1976. According to Wozniak, Jobs suggested the name after visiting an "apple orchard" that Wozniak said was actually a commune.
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AdChoicesTheir first creation was the Apple I — essentially, the guts of a computer without a case, keyboard or monitor.
The Apple II, which hit the market in 1977, was their first machine for the masses. It became so popular that Jobs was worth $100 million by age 25.
During a 1979 visit to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Jobs again spotted mass potential in a niche invention: a computer that allowed people to control computers with the click of a mouse, not typed commands. He returned to Apple and ordered his engineering team to copy what he had seen.
It foreshadowed a propensity to take other people's concepts, improve on them and spin them into wildly successful products. Under Jobs, Apple didn't invent computers, digital music players or smartphones — it reinvented them for people who didn't want to learn computer programming or negotiate the technical hassles of keeping their gadgets working.
"We have always been shameless about stealing great ideas," Jobs said in an interview for the 1996 PBS series "Triumph of the Nerds."
Apple name origin
The engineers responded with two computers. The pricier Lisa — the same name as his daughter — launched to a cool reception in 1983. The less-expensive Macintosh, named for an employee's favorite apple, exploded onto the scene in 1984.
The Mac was heralded by an epic Super Bowl commercial that referenced George Orwell's "1984" and captured Apple's iconoclastic style. In the ad, expressionless drones marched through dark halls to an auditorium where a Big Brother-like figure lectures on a big screen. A woman in a bright track uniform burst into the hall and launched a hammer into the screen, which exploded, stunning the drones, as a narrator announced the arrival of the Mac.
There were early stumbles at Apple. Jobs clashed with colleagues and even the CEO he had hired away from Pepsi, John Sculley. And after an initial spike, Mac sales slowed, in part because few programs had been written for it.
With Apple's stock price sinking, conflicts between Jobs and Sculley mounted. Sculley won over the board in 1985 and pushed Jobs out of his day-to-day role leading the Macintosh team. Jobs resigned his post as chairman of the board and left Apple within months.
"What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating," Jobs said in his Stanford speech. "I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life."
He got into two other companies: Next, a computer maker, and Pixar, a computer-animation studio that he bought from George Lucas for $10 million.
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AdChoicesPixar, ultimately the more successful venture, seemed at first a bottomless money pit. Then in 1995 came "Toy Story," the first computer-animated full-length feature. Jobs used its success to negotiate a sweeter deal with Disney for Pixar's next two films, "A Bug's Life" and "Toy Story 2." Jobs sold Pixar to The Walt Disney Co. for $7.4 billion in stock in a deal that got him a seat on Disney's board and 138 million shares of stock that accounted for most of his fortune. Forbes magazine estimated Jobs was worth $7 billion in a survey last month.
Obsession with detail
With Next, Jobs came up with a cube-shaped computer. He was said to be obsessive about the tiniest details, insisting on design perfection even for the machine's guts. The machine cost a pricey $6,500 to $10,000, and he never managed to spark much demand for it.
Ultimately, he shifted the focus to software — a move that paid off later when Apple bought Next for its operating system technology, the basis for the software still used in Mac computers.
By 1996, when Apple bought Next, Apple was in dire financial straits. It had lost more than $800 million in a year, dragged its heels in licensing Mac software for other computers and surrendered most of its market share to PCs that ran Windows.
Larry Ellison, Jobs' close friend and fellow Silicon Valley billionaire and the CEO of Oracle Corp., publicly contemplated buying Apple in early 1997 and ousting its leadership. The idea fizzled, but Jobs stepped in as interim chief later that year.
He slashed unprofitable projects, narrowed the company's focus and presided over a new marketing push to set the Mac apart from Windows, starting with a campaign encouraging computer users to "Think different."
Apple's first new product under his direction, the brightly colored, plastic iMac, launched in 1998 and sold about 2 million in its first year. Apple returned to profitability that year. Jobs dropped the "interim" from his title in 2000.
He changed his style, too, said Tim Bajarin, who met Jobs several times while covering the company for Creative Strategies.
"In the early days, he was in charge of every detail. The only way you could say it is, he was kind of a control freak," he said. In his second stint, "he clearly was much more mellow and more mature."
In the decade that followed, Jobs kept Apple profitable while pushing out an impressive roster of new products.
Popularity explodes
Apple's popularity exploded in the 2000s. The iPod, smaller and sleeker with each generation, introduced many lifelong Windows users to their first Apple gadget.
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AdChoicesThe arrival of the iTunes music store in 2003 gave people a convenient way to buy music legally online, song by song. For the music industry, it was a mixed blessing. The industry got a way to reach Internet-savvy people who, in the age of Napster, were growing accustomed to downloading music free. But online sales also hastened the demise of CDs and established Apple as a gatekeeper, resulting in battles between Jobs and music executives over pricing and other issues.
Jobs' command over gadget lovers and pop culture swelled to the point that, on the eve of the iPhone's launch in 2007, faithful followers slept on sidewalks outside posh Apple stores for the chance to buy one. Three years later, at the iPad's debut, the lines snaked around blocks and out through parking lots, even though people had the option to order one in advance.
The decade was not without its glitches. In the mid-2000s, Apple was swept up in a Securities and Exchange Commission inquiry into stock options backdating, a practice that artificially raised the value of options grants. But Jobs and Apple emerged unscathed after two former executives took the fall and eventually settled with the SEC.
Jobs' personal ethos — a natural food lover who embraced Buddhism and New Age philosophy — was closely linked to the public persona he shaped for Apple. Apple itself became a statement against the commoditization of technology — a cynical view, to be sure, from a company whose computers can cost three or more times as much as those of its rivals.
For technology lovers, buying Apple products has meant gaining entrance to an exclusive club. At the top was a complicated and contradictory figure who was endlessly fascinating — even to his detractors, of which Jobs had many. Jobs was a hero to techno-geeks and a villain to partners he bullied and to workers whose projects he unceremoniously killed or claimed as his own.
'Maddeningly erratic'
Unauthorized biographer Alan Deutschman described him as "deeply moody and maddeningly erratic." In his personal life, Jobs denied for two years that he was the father of Lisa, the baby born to his longtime girlfriend Chrisann Brennan in 1978.
Few seemed immune to Jobs' charisma and will. He could adeptly convince those in his presence of just about anything — even if they disagreed again when he left the room and his magic wore off.
"He always has an aura around his persona," said Bajarin, who met Jobs several times while covering the company for more than 20 years as a Creative Strategies analyst. "When you talk to him, you know you're really talking to a brilliant mind."
But Bajarin also remembers Jobs lashing out with profanity at an employee who interrupted their meeting. Jobs, the perfectionist, demanded greatness from everyone at Apple.
Jobs valued his privacy, but some details of his romantic and family life have been uncovered. In the early 1980s, Jobs dated the folk singer Joan Baez, according to Deutschman.
In 1989, Jobs spoke at Stanford's graduate business school and met his wife, Laurene Powell, who was then a student. When she became pregnant, Jobs at first refused to marry her. It was a near-repeat of what had happened more than a decade earlier with then-girlfriend Brennan, Deutschman said, but eventually Jobs relented.
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AdChoicesJobs started looking for his biological family in his teens, according to an interview he gave to The New York Times in 1997. He found his biological sister when he was 27. They became friends, and through her Jobs met his biological mother. Few details of those relationships have been made public.
But the extent of Apple secrecy didn't become clear until Jobs revealed in 2004 that he had been diagnosed with — and "cured" of — a rare form of operable pancreatic cancer called an islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. The company had sat on the news of his diagnosis for nine months while Jobs tried trumping the disease with a special diet, Fortune magazine reported in 2008.
Story: Stars react to the news of Steve Jobs' death In the years after his cancer was revealed, rumors about Jobs' health would spark runs on Apple stock as investors worried the company, with no clear succession plan, would fall apart without him. Apple did little to ease those concerns. It kept the state of Jobs' health a secret for as long as it could, then disclosed vague details when, in early 2009, it became clear he was again ill.
Jobs took a half-year medical leave of absence starting in January 2009, during which he had a liver transplant. Apple did not disclose the procedure at the time; two months later, The Wall Street Journal reported the fact and a doctor at the transplant hospital confirmed it.
In January 2011, Jobs announced another medical leave, his third, with no set duration. He returned to the spotlight briefly in March to personally unveil a second-generation iPad and again in June, when he showed off Apple's iCloud music synching service. At both events, he looked frail in his signature jeans and mock turtleneck.
Less than three months later, Jobs resigned as CEO. In a letter addressed to Apple's board and the "Apple community" Jobs said he "always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come."
In 2005, following the bout with cancer, Jobs delivered Stanford University's commencement speech.
"Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life," he said. "Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure — these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important."
Jobs is survived by his biological mother; his sister Mona Simpson; Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his daughter with Brennan; wife Laurene, and their three children, Erin, Reed and Eve.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
Jobs was a guy who touched our lives in so many ways reaction to his death has been pouring in from all around the world. overnight a makeshift memorial is now in place outside of apple 's headquarters in cupertino, california following the sad death of that company's founder and visionary, steve jobs . if you look this morning at simply the apple .com on my ipad here you will see a simple tribute to jobs, a black and white photo with the dates that he was born and he died.
>> because it is hard to overstate the impact that he had on all of our lives. he never graduated from college and yet who doesn't have at least an ipod or ipad or iphone or personal computer ?
>> i think obviously this did not come as a shock to people because we had watched his health deteriorate over the years since he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer . he appeared very frail in recent months. but still, when it finally happens you stop and you really take notice.
>> no question. you know, he also in a commencement address to stanford university in 2005 , he had something pretty wonderful to say. he said, remembering that you're going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. and he added, your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else 's life.
>> as i mentioned, tributes immediately poured in as the news of his death spread. president obama released a statement saying in part, there may be no greater tribute to steve 's success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented.
>> bill gates , jobs' one-time rival and cofounder of microsoft, had this to say. the world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact steve has had the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. then there's this from facebook founder mark zuckerberg who said, thanks for showing that what you build can change the world .
>> let us get right to nbc's george lewis at apple 's headquarters in cupertino, california. good morning to you.
>> reporter: good morning, matt. this is a very sad day for apple 's 47,000 employees worldwide. they're mourning steve jobs , a man who dropped out of college and had no formal schooling in computer engineering but figured out a way to make tech sexy and transformed apple into the world's most valuable company. he was a college dropout who cofounded apple computer in 1976 and within a few years became fabulously wealthy.
>> he is kind of a regular guy who started in his garage with this idea with a friend and built this thing into this multibillion dollar business.
>> reporter: his secret? wow the consumers with cool designs and ease of use.
>> when it comes to consumer computer users the computer industry hasn't done a really good job of trying to understand them and understand their desires and their needs.
>> reporter: so in 1984 he introduced the mcintosh, calling it insanely great. there was a famous super bowl ad for the mac running only once on tv but seen millions of times on youtube. apple didn't always prevail. faced with tough competition the company struggled, trying to gain a share of the personal computer market. and steve jobs had an abrasive personality that contributed to his ouster from apple in 1985 .
>> the brilliant, genius, visionary side of him that burned very, very bright, and there was this terrible dark side of him, too.
>> he went into the movie business acquiring pixar studios in 1986 , making a string of hit computer animated films starting with " toy story ."
>> to infinity and beyond !
>> reporter: then, after an 11-year absence he was brought back to apple where his creativity revitalized the company. the ipod changed the way people listened to their music.
>> today apple is going to reinvent the phone.
>> reporter: and across the country there were long lines for the first iphones in 2007 . then three years later they lined up for the ipad, changing the way people consumed media.
>> most of the great ideas when you see them you go, of course!
>> reporter: but while he was brimming with great ideas, steve jobs was battling declining health. he was operated on for pancreatic cancer in 2004 . a year later he spoke about that in a commencement address at stanford university .
>> this was the closest i've been to facing death, and i hope it's the closest i get for a few more decades. yet, death is the destination we all share.
>> reporter: then in 2009 he underwent a liver transplant .
>> i now have the liver of a mid 20s person who died in a car crash and was generous enough to donate their organs.
>> reporter: on august 24th of this year jobs stepped down as apple 's ceo. six years earlier, he had this bit of advice for the stanford grads.
>> have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. they somehow already know what you truly want to become.
>> reporter: he was a man who followed his heart and intuition to become one of silicon valley 's great visionaries. steve jobs leaves behind a wife and four children. and a statement from the jobs family says steve died peacefully surrounded by people he loved. ann?
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A look back at the life of Steve Jobs .Apple remembers Jobs
A picture of Apple Inc. co-founder and former CEO Steve Jobs is featured on the front page of the Apple.com website after his passing on Oct. 5, 2011. Jobs, counted among the greatest American CEOs of his generation, died on Wednesday at the age of 56, after a years-long and highly public battle with cancer and other health issues. (Staff / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .A final appearance
Steve Jobs is shown in his last public appearance on June 7, 2011 as he made a presentation to the Cupertino City Council regarding plans for Apple's new headquarters in this video frame grab. (Ho / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iLife’s launch
Steve Jobs announces iLife 11 as he speaks during an Apple special event at the company's headquarters on Oct. 20, 2010 in Cupertino, Calif. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Apple Chief Executive Steve Jobs smiles after Apple's music-themed media event in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2010. The company announced that Jobs had resigned on Aug. 24. Tim Cook, the company's chief operating officer, who has been standing in for Jobs during his medical leave, was named the new CEO, and Jobs became chairman. (Robert Galbraith / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation
.Related video
Xeni Jardin talks with Rachel Maddow about the life and legacy of Steve Jobs. .. .iPhone’s ‘antennagate’
Steve Jobs talks about some of the perceived problems with the iPhone 4 at Apple headquarters in Cupertino, Calif., on July 16, 2010. (Paul Sakuma / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Medvedev meets Jobs
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev looks at an iPhone 4 with Steve Jobs, June 23, 2010, at Apple Inc. in Cupertino, Calif. Medvedev visited Silicon Valley as part of a U.S. tour that also took him to Washington for meetings with President Obama. (Dmitry Astakhov / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs holds up the new iPad as he speaks during an Apple special event at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on Jan. 27, 2010 in San Francisco. The iPad was a success from the moment it was introduced. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs is shown in this combination of file photographs dating (top row, left to right) 2000, 2003, 2005, (bottom row, left to right) 2006, 2008 and 2009. (Staff / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation
CEO Steve Jobs speaks at an Apple event in San Francisco on Sept. 9, 2008. (Jeff Chiu / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Ultra-thin computing
Steve Jobs holds up a new Macbook Air, an ultra-thin laptop, in San Francisco on Jan. 12, 2008. (John G. Mabanglo / EPA file) Share Back to slideshow navigation
.Related video
Time magazine remembers an American icon .. .Jobs inducted
Steve Jobs kisses Maria Shriver after being inducted into the California Hall of Fame in Sacramento on Dec. 5, 2007. (Kimberly White / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iPhone introduced
Steve Jobs introduces the iPhone at Macworld in San Francisco on Jan. 9, 2007. (David Paul Morris / Getty Images) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .Opening doors
Apple Chief Executive Steve Jobs looks at the crowds at the grand opening of the new Apple Store on 5th Avenue in New York on May 19, 2006. (Seth Wenig / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .French connection
Steve Jobs poses with Apple Executive Vice-President Timothy Cook, left, and Senior Vice-President Jon Rubinstein after a news conference during the opening day of the Paris Apple Expo on Sept. 20, 2005. (Charles Platiau / Reuters) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iPod for U2
Bono, of the band U2, and Steve Jobs hold up Apple iPods at an unveiling of a new branded iPod in San Jose, Calif. on, Oct. 26, 2004. Bono is holding up an iPod with a red dial and black casing. (Paul Sakuma / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs gestures during Apple's launch of their online "Music Store" and new iPod in San Francisco on April 28, 2003. Apple's new service pulled music from five major record labels offering more than 200,000 songs at 99 cents a download. (AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation . .iBook launched
Steve Jobs carries an iBook laptop computer with built-in handle in New York on July 22, 1999. (Ted Thai / Getty Images Contributor) Share Back to slideshow navigation
Steve Jobs holding an iMac computer in 1998. The iMac, with its jelly colors and friendly rounded corners, was an alternative to the bland looking PCs of the time. (Moshe Brakha / AP) Share Back to slideshow navigation
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